The impact of global warming on the Indonesian economy has become an increasingly pressing issue. As an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands, Indonesia is vulnerable to climate change which can have various significant economic consequences. One of the main impacts of global warming is increased temperatures and extreme weather patterns. This has a direct impact on the agricultural sector, which is the backbone of the Indonesian economy. With high dependence on agricultural commodities such as rice, coffee and palm oil, climate change has resulted in a decrease in crop yields. Extreme temperature increases, combined with erratic rainfall, can result in crop failures that lead to economic losses. Apart from that, rising sea levels are a big challenge for Indonesia. Many large cities, such as Jakarta and Surabaya, are located in coastal areas that are very vulnerable to flooding. The rapid urbanization process and lack of adequate drainage infrastructure exacerbate this condition. The cost of recovering from flood disasters can consume significant funds from the APBN and distract attention from other development programs. The impact of global warming is also felt in the fisheries sector. As ocean temperatures increase, fish species commonly caught by Indonesian fishermen may move to cooler areas, resulting in a decrease in fish catches. This not only affects food security but also threatens the livelihoods of thousands of fishermen who depend on marine products. The tourism sector, which is one of the main sources of income, is also threatened by climate change. Damage to coral reefs due to ocean warming and increased ocean acidity reduces the attractiveness of tourist destinations. This can reduce the number of tourists coming, which directly affects the local economy. In the health sector, global warming can increase the incidence of weather-related diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria. Increased spending on public health and prevention programs could strain the economy. These epidemics are often influenced by temperature and rainfall, creating cycles that impact labor productivity. The Indonesian government, to overcome these challenges, needs to invest in infrastructure that is resilient to climate change and promote sustainable agricultural practices. In addition, technological innovation and increasing public awareness about the impacts of climate change are very necessary to encourage economic sustainability. Mitigation and adaptation measures are very important, including reducing carbon emissions and protecting ecosystems. With a global commitment to tackle global warming, Indonesia must also play an active role in international agreements to build economic resilience. Through a planned and collaborative strategy, Indonesia has the opportunity to emerge stronger in facing existing environmental challenges.
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