A disease is a medical condition that results from a pathological process and has specific symptoms. Diseases can affect one part of the body (localized diseases), a group of organs (disseminated diseases) or all parts of the body, including the immune system and chemical balances (systemic diseases). Each disease has an origin or etiology.
Most of us are familiar with a wide variety of diseases, thanks to the scientific advancements that have enabled them to be identified and categorized. This has allowed for better understanding, diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. As a result, we now live much longer, healthier lives with lower death rates.
The basic concept behind the definition of disease involves a disruption in a homeostatic balance among chemical, physical and biological processes. The disruption, or disequilibrium, is highlighted by signs and symptoms.
Some diseases are hereditary or passed from parent to child, while others may develop due to environmental factors such as lack of proper nutrition and sedentary lifestyle. Some diseases, like high blood pressure and cancer, cannot be cured but can be managed with the help of medications and lifestyle changes.
Sometimes, a disease is not recognized and treated early enough, so it progresses to the point that it becomes severe or even life-threatening. A disease can also have a very long incubation time, as with the flu or some cancers. Lastly, some diseases do not have any symptoms at all and are considered to be invisible. Examples include Turner syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome.
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