Coalition is when two or more groups work together to achieve a common goal. They usually do not have the same aims and interests, but they recognise that their differences are useful to the overall effort. It is a complex process to manage, but it can be highly effective and increases the chance of success.
Stable coalitions thrive where time is invested in building intentional relationships across the coalition groups. These may be developed through a series of informal meetings, formalized group decisions or a governance arrangement (such as a steering committee). The development of these relationships will require sensitivity and attention to the different power and resource bases in each coalition member.
Coalitions can be permanent or temporary; single issue or multi-issue; geographically defined or broad (e.g. patients groups); or a combination of these. A broad coalition, for example, is more likely to attract media attention and increase the impact of its activities. It can also create greater credibility for its members, making it more difficult for opposition groups to dismiss their efforts as special interest or special needs.
Coalitions can be established with local government officials, community leaders, service providers or the general public. They often begin with a transactional relationship based on an exchange of self-interests. This can then be converted to a formal written agreement. The effectiveness of a coalition is usually judged by the level of trust built over time. This is most likely to occur where the original agreement is honoured and where the coalition management takes care not to alienate its members by treating them in a manner that violates their interests and values.
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