Wildfire is a natural process that affects the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. It has coexisted with human societies for more than 350 million years, and many fire-prone regions have evolved to cope with the threat. However, some people perceive fire as a growing problem, and perceptions can impact community attitudes and policies.
Fire is essential for many ecosystems. Wildfires provide a source of energy to some vegetation and wildlife, kill insects that harm trees, clear away debris and underbrush, and open up space for new plants. But when it comes to humans, fire can be dangerous and have serious consequences.
When wildfires destroy homes, businesses, or other buildings, they can cause property losses that strain local economies. They can also produce a thick layer of smoke that suffocates communities and contributes to respiratory diseases and other health problems. In addition, the loss of critical infrastructure services, like power and water supplies, can lead to economic disruptions that last for months or years.
In the US, about 40,000 firefighters—mostly men—fight wildfires for a living. The majority work for the Forest Service, and it’s a demanding job that requires pushing their physical limits to overcome extreme weather conditions and the challenge of tackling massive fires.
While fighting the fires themselves, they must also deal with the potential for exposure to toxic chemicals and high levels of air pollution, which can aggravate their health conditions, including heart disease, lung problems, asthma, and cancer. Many firefighters wear half-face respirators with replaceable filters, similar to those used by painters and demolition workers, to help protect themselves from hazardous airborne pollutants.
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